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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd"[
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<refentry id="vboxmanage-storageattach" lang="en">
  <refentryinfo>
    <pubdate>August 2019</pubdate>
    <title>VBoxManage storageattach</title>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>VBoxManage-storageattach</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>VBoxManage-storageattach</refname>
    <refpurpose>attach, remove, and modify storage media used by a virtual machine</refpurpose>
    <refclass>&product-name;</refclass>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis id="synopsis-vboxmanage-storageattach">
<!-- The 'id' is mandatory and must start with 'synopsis-'. -->
      <command>VBoxManage storageattach</command>
      <group choice="req">
        <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>uuid</replaceable></arg>
        <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>vmname</replaceable></arg>
      </group>
      <arg choice="req">--storagectl=<replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--bandwidthgroup=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">name</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">none</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--comment=<replaceable>text</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--device=<replaceable>number</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--discard=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--encodedlun=<replaceable>lun</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--forceunmount</arg>
      <arg>--hotpluggable=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--initiator=<replaceable>initiator</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--intnet</arg>
      <arg>--lun=<replaceable>lun</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--medium=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">none</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">emptydrive</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">additions</arg>
          <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>uuid</replaceable></arg>
          <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg>
          <arg choice="plain">host:<replaceable>drive</replaceable></arg>
          <arg choice="plain">iscsi</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--mtype=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">normal</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">writethrough</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">immutable</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">shareable</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">readonly</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">multiattach</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--nonrotational=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--passthrough=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--passwordfile=<replaceable>file</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--password=<replaceable>password</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--port=<replaceable>number</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--server=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
          <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>ip</replaceable></arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--setparentuuid=<replaceable>uuid</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--setuuid=<replaceable>uuid</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--target=<replaceable>target</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--tempeject=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--tport=<replaceable>port</replaceable></arg>
      <arg>--type=<group choice="plain">
          <arg choice="plain">dvddrive</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">fdd</arg>
          <arg choice="plain">hdd</arg>
        </group></arg>
      <arg>--username=<replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
    </cmdsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>
    <para>
      The <command>VBoxManage storageattach</command> command enables
      you to manage a storage medium that you connected to a storage
      controller by using the <command>VBoxManage storagectl</command>
      command.
    </para>
    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><replaceable>uuid</replaceable> | <replaceable>vmname</replaceable></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) or the
            name of the virtual machine (VM).
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--storagectl=<replaceable>name</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the name of the storage controller. Use the
            <command>VBoxManage showvminfo</command> command to list the
            storage controllers that are attached to the VM.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--port=<replaceable>number</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the port number of the storage controller to
            modify. You must specify this option unless the storage
            controller has only a single port.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--device=<replaceable>number</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the port's device number to modify. You must
            specify this option unless the storage controller has only
            one device per port.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--type=dvddrive | fdd | hdd</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the drive type to which the medium is associated.
            Only omit this option if the medium type can be determined
            by using the <option>--medium</option> option or by
            information provided by an earlier medium attachment
            command.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--medium=none | emptydrive | additions | <replaceable>uuid</replaceable> | <replaceable>filename</replaceable> | host:<replaceable>drive</replaceable> | iscsi</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies one of the following values:
          </para><variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><literal>none</literal></term>
              <listitem><para>
                  Removes any existing device from the specified slot.
                </para></listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><literal>emptydrive</literal></term>
              <listitem><para>
                  For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only.
                </para><para>
                  Makes the device slot behave like a removeable drive
                  into which no media has been inserted.
                </para></listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><literal>additions</literal></term>
              <listitem><para>
                  For a virtual DVD drive only.
                </para><para>
                  Attaches the VirtualBox Guest Additions image to the
                  specified device slot.
                </para></listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><replaceable>uuid</replaceable></term>
              <listitem><para>
                  Specifies the UUID of a storage medium to attach to
                  the specified device slot. The storage medium must
                  already be known to &product-name;, such as a storage
                  medium that is attached to another VM. Use the
                  <command>VBoxManage list</command> command to list
                  media.
                </para></listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><replaceable>filename</replaceable></term>
              <listitem><para>
                  Specifies the full path of an existing disk image to
                  attach to the specified device slot. The disk image
                  can be in ISO, RAW, VDI, VMDK, or other format.
                </para></listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><literal>host:<replaceable>drive</replaceable></literal></term>
              <listitem><para>
                  For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only.
                </para><para>
                  Connects the specified device slot to the specified
                  DVD or floppy drive on the host computer.
                </para></listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><literal>iscsi</literal></term>
              <listitem><para>
                  For virtual hard disks only.
                </para><para>
                  Specifies an iSCSI target for which you must specify
                  additional information. See
                  <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
                </para></listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist><para>
            For removeable media such as floppies and DVDs, you can make
            configuration changes while a VM is running. Changes to
            devices or hard disk device slots require that the VM be
            powered off.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--mtype=normal | writethrough | immutable | shareable | readonly | multiattach</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies how this medium behaves with respect to snapshots
            and write operations. See <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--comment=<replaceable>text</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies an optional description to store with the medium.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--setuuid=<replaceable>uuid</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Modifies the UUID of a medium before attaching it to a VM.
          </para><para>
            This is an expert option. Inappropriate values might make
            the medium unusable or lead to broken VM configurations if
            another VM already refers to the same medium.
          </para><para>
            Using the <option>--setuuid=""</option> option
            assigns a new random UUID to an image, which can resolve
            duplicate UUID errors if you used a file copy utility to
            duplicate an image.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--setparentuuid=<replaceable>uuid</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Modifies the parent UUID of a medium before attaching it to
            a VM.
          </para><para>
            This is an expert option. Inappropriate values might make
            the medium unusable or lead to broken VM configurations if
            another VM already refers to the same medium.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--passthrough=on | off</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            For a virtual DVD drive only.
          </para><para>
            Enables writing to a DVD. This feature is experimental, see
            <xref linkend="storage-cds" />.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--tempeject=on | off</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            For a virtual DVD drive only.
          </para><para>
            Specifies whether to permit a temporary guest-triggered
            medium eject operation. When set to <literal>on</literal>,
            you can eject a medium. The ability for a guest-triggered
            eject operation does not persist if the VM is powered off
            and restarted. So, when you set this option to
            <literal>on</literal> and the VM is restarted, the
            originally configured medium is still in the drive.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--nonrotational=on | off</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Enables you to specify that the virtual hard disk is
            non-rotational. Some guest OSes, such as Windows 7 or later,
            treat such disks as solid state drives (SSDs) and do not
            perform disk fragmentation on them.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--discard=on | off</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies whether to enable the auto-discard feature for a
            virtual hard disk. When set to <literal>on</literal>, a VDI
            image is shrunk in response to a <command>trim</command>
            command from the guest OS.
          </para><para>
            The virtual hard disk must meet the following requirements:
          </para><itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>
                The disk format must be VDI.
              </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                The size of the cleared area of the disk must be at
                least 1 MB.
              </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                Ensure that the space being trimmed is at least a 1 MB
                contiguous block at a 1 MB boundary.
              </para></listitem>
          </itemizedlist><para>
            Consider running defragmentation commands as background cron
            jobs to save space. On Windows, run the <command>defrag.exe
            /D</command> command. On Linux, run the <command>btrfs
            filesystem defrag</command> command.
          </para><note>
            <para>
              When you configure the guest OS to issue the
              <command>trim</command> command, the guest OS typically
              sees the disk as an SSD.
            </para>
            <para>
              Ext4 supports the <option>-o discard</option> mount
              option. Mac OS X might require additional settings.
              Windows 7, 8, and 10 automatically detect and support
              SSDs. The Linux <command>exFAT</command> driver from
              Samsung supports the <command>trim</command> command.
            </para>
          </note><para>
            The Microsoft implementation of exFAT might not support this
            feature.
          </para><para>
            You can use other methods to issue trim commands. The Linux
            <command>fstrim</command> command is part of the
            <filename>util-linux</filename> package. Earlier solutions
            required you to zero out unused areas by using the
            <command>zerofree</command> or a similar command, and then
            to compact the disk. You can only perform these steps when
            the VM is offline.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--bandwidthgroup=<replaceable>name</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the bandwidth group to use for the device. See
            <xref linkend="storage-bandwidth-limit" />.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--forceunmount</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only.
          </para><para>
            Forcibly unmounts the DVD, CD, or floppy or mounts a new
            DVD, CD, or floppy even if the previous removable storage is
            locked by the guest for reading. See
            <xref linkend="storage-cds" />.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
    <para>
      The following options are applicable when you specify the
      <option>--medium=iscsi</option> option:
    </para>
    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--server=<replaceable>hostname</replaceable> | <replaceable>IP-address</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the host name or IP address of the iSCSI target.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--target=<replaceable>target</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the target name string, which is determined by the
            iSCSI target and is used to identify the storage resource.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--tport=<replaceable>port</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the TCP/IP port number of the iSCSI service on the
            target.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--lun=<replaceable>LUN</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the logical unit number (LUN) of the target
            resource. For a single disk drive, the value is zero.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--encodedlun=<replaceable>LUN</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the hexadecimal-encoded of the target resource.
            For a single disk drive, the value is zero.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--username=<replaceable>username</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the user name to use for target authentication.
          </para><note>
            <para>
              Unless you provide a settings password, the user name is
              stored as clear text in the XML machine configuration
              file.
            </para>
          </note></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--password=<replaceable>password</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the password used for target authentication.
          </para><note>
            <para>
              Unless you provide a settings password, this password is
              stored as clear text in the XML machine configuration
              file. When you specify a settings password for the first
              time, the target authentication password is stored in
              encrypted form.
            </para>
          </note><remark>
            This design does not conform to Oracle's security
            guidelines. You should not be able to specify a password on
            the command line because the password can be seen in a
            process listing.
          </remark></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--passwordfile=<replaceable>password-filename</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies a file that contains the target authentication
            password as clear text.
          </para><note>
            <para>
              Use permission and ownership settings to ensure that the
              contents of this file cannot be read by unauthorized
              users.
            </para>
          </note></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--initiator=<replaceable>initiator</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies the iSCSI initiator.
          </para><para>
            The Microsoft iSCSI Initiator is a system, such as a server,
            that attaches to an IP network and initiates requests and
            receives responses from an iSCSI target. The SAN components
            in the iSCSI initiator are largely analogous to Fibre
            Channel SAN components, and they include the following:
          </para><itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>
                <emphasis role="bold">iSCSI driver.</emphasis>
                Transports blocks of iSCSI commands over the IP network.
                This iSCSI driver is installed on the iSCSI host and is
                included with the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator.
              </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <emphasis role="bold">Gigabit Ethernet
                adapter.</emphasis> Connects to an iSCSI target. Use an
                Ethernet adapter that can transmit 1000 megabits per
                second (Mbps). Like standard 10/100 adapters, most
                gigabit adapters use a preexisting Category 5 or
                Category 6E cable. Each port on the adapter is
                identified by a unique IP address.
              </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <emphasis role="bold">iSCSI target.</emphasis> Is any
                device that receives iSCSI commands. The device can be
                an end node such as a storage device, or it can be an
                intermediate device such as a network bridge between IP
                and Fibre Channel devices. Each port on the storage
                array controller or network bridge is identified by one
                or more IP addresses.
              </para></listitem>
          </itemizedlist></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--intnet</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
            Specifies whether to connect to the iSCSI target that uses
            internal networking. This configuration requires further
            configuration. See <xref linkend="iscsi-intnet" />.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Examples</title>
    <remark role="help-scope" condition="GLOBAL" />
    <para>
      The following command attaches the <filename>o7.vdi</filename>
      disk image to the specified SATA storage controller on the
      <filename>ol7</filename> VM.
    </para>
<screen>$ storageattach ol7 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 0 --device 0 \
--type hdd --medium /VirtualBox/ol7/ol7.vdi</screen>
    <para>
      The following command attaches the
      <filename>o7-r6-dvd.iso</filename> DVD image to the specified IDE
      storage controller on the <filename>ol7</filename> VM.
    </para>
<screen>$ VBoxManage storageattach ol7 --storagectl "IDE Controller" --port 0 --device 0 \
--type dvddrive --medium ol7-r6-dvd.iso</screen>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>
    <para>
      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />,
      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo" />,
      <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" />
    </para>
  </refsect1>
</refentry>
